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Learning Cloud Security Cloud Computing and Security Architecture Essentials (Ric Messier) (z-library.sk, 1lib.sk, z-lib.sk)

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Cybersecurity
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Are you an experienced cloud security professional looking to upskill or take your career to the next level? There's a growing demand for cloud security practitioners, and the Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) exam provides a vendor-agnostic framework for exploring the breadth of topics a cloud security professional should understand. Industry expert Ric Messier uses the CCSP as a guide to lay out all the domains a certification candidate should learn to successfully prepare for the exam. Using clear and engaging explanations of essential concepts, this comprehensive and empowering book will help you to ably meet the challenges of certification—or simply boost your skills for the workplace. Uncover different approaches to cloud security architectures Understand risk management and compliance with cloud environments Learn essential security controls for cloud platforms and infrastructure Discover emerging trends including zero trust architecture

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Ric Messier Learning Cloud Security Cloud Computing and Security Architecture Essentials
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ISBN: 978-1-098-17942-7 US $59.99 CAN $74.99 CLOUD SECURIT Y Are you an experienced cloud security professional looking to upskill or take your career to the next level? There’s a growing demand for cloud security practitioners and the Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) exam provides a vendor-agnostic framework for exploring the breadth of topics a cloud security professional should understand. Industry expert Ric Messier uses the CCSP as a guide to lay out all the domains a certification candidate should learn to successfully prepare for the exam. Using clear and engaging explanations of essential concepts, this comprehensive and empowering book will help you to ably meet the challenges of certification—or simply boost your skills for the workplace. • Uncover different approaches to cloud security architectures • Understand risk management and compliance with cloud environments • Learn essential security controls for cloud platforms and infrastructure • Discover emerging trends including zero trust architecture Ric Messier is an author, consultant, and educator who holds CSSP, GCP ACE, AWS CCP, GCIH, GSEC, CEH, and CISSP certifications and has published several books on information security and digital forensics. With decades of IT experience spanning programming, network engineering, and academia, he is currently working with Apple as a security engineer. Learning Cloud Security “Cloud security is now a fundamental skill that every risk and security professional needs to have in their toolkit. This book is a great source of instruction and reference for cloud security for everyone from the journeyman to the advanced professional.” John Pironti President of IP Architects
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Praise for Learning Cloud Security Cloud security has never been more important, and it’s never been more accessible than it is here. In Learning Cloud Security, Ric Messier brings the fundamentals within reach of anyone who wants to understand them, whether you’re new to the field or finally filling in the gaps. This is a comprehensive overview written with rare clarity. Cloud security can be dry territory, and too many books lose their readers in the tedious stretches. Messier doesn’t. His writing keeps you engaged from start to finish, carrying you through even the driest material with ease. The result is a book that gives you more than scattered facts. You’ll walk away with the full picture and a genuine understanding of how it all fits together. For everyone who needs to know cloud security, this is where to begin. —Alexander Arlt, principal security consultant at Mandiant/Google Cloud security is now a fundamental skill that every risk and security professional needs to have in their toolkit. This book is a great source of instruction and reference for cloud security for everyone from the journeyman to the advanced professional. —John Pironti, president of IP Architects
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Ric Messier Learning Cloud Security Cloud Computing and Security Architecture Essentials
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978-1-098-17942-7 [LSI] Learning Cloud Security by Ric Messier Copyright © 2026 Ric Messier. All rights reserved. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 141 Stony Circle, Suite 195, Santa Rosa, CA 95401. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://oreilly.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com. Acquisition Editor: Simina Calin Development Editor: Shira Evans Production Editor: Aleeya Rahman Copyeditor: Sonia Saruba Proofreader: Carol McGillivray Indexer: Ellen Troutman-Zaig Interior Designer: David Futato Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Illustrator: Kate Dullea June 2026: First Edition Revision History for the First Edition 2026-06-03: First Release See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781098179427 for release details. The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Learning Cloud Security, the cover image, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. The views expressed in this work are those of the author and do not represent the publisher’s views. While the publisher and the author have used good faith efforts to ensure that the information and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the author disclaim all responsibility for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own risk. If any code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open source licenses or the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights.
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Table of Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1. About the Certified Cloud Security Practitioner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Need for the CCSP 2 Historical Context 2 Business Context for the CCSP 3 About ISC2 4 About the CCSP and Topics 5 Domain 1: Cloud Concepts, Architecture, and Design 7 Domain 2: Cloud Data Security 7 Domain 3: Cloud Platform and Infrastructure Security 8 Domain 4: Cloud Application Security 8 Domain 5: Cloud Security Operations 9 Domain 6: Legal, Risk, and Compliance 10 About the Exam 10 Preparing for the Exam 11 Summary 12 Other Resources 12 2. Cloud Computing Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 What Is the Cloud? 16 On Demand, Self-Service 18 Broad Network Access 19 Resource Pooling 19 Rapid Elasticity 21 Measured Service 22 Building Block Technologies 22 Networking 23 v
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Storage 29 Virtualization 33 Automation 36 Logging and Monitoring 37 Cloud Models 39 Infrastructure as a Service 40 Platform as a Service 41 Software as a Service 43 Storage as a Service 44 Shared Responsibility Model 47 Location, Location, Location 49 Roles and Responsibilities 53 Challenges and Benefits of Cloud Adoption 54 Summary 56 Other Resources 57 3. Cloud Architecture and Design Principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Security Concepts 60 Threats 61 Cryptography 65 Identity and Access Management 72 Network Security 76 Traffic Inspection 79 Data Protection 79 Hygiene Practices 80 Zero Trust 82 Design Principles 83 Business Impact Analysis 84 Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery 85 Functional Requirements 87 Design Patterns 88 DevOps Security 94 Evaluating Cloud Provider Security 97 Summary 100 Other Resources 101 4. Cloud Data Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Cloud Data Concepts 104 Cloud Data Lifecycle 104 Data Dispersion 112 Data Types 114 Data Location 118 vi | Table of Contents
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Cloud Data Storage Architectures 120 Storage Types 120 Storage Threats 124 Design Considerations 129 Data Protection Technologies and Strategies 133 Encryption 133 Hashing 137 Handling Production Data 139 Data Loss Prevention 140 Information Rights Management 143 Visibility 145 Summary 146 Other Resources 147 5. Cloud Platform and Infrastructure Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Infrastructure Security Architecture 150 Reference Architectures 151 Boundaries and Segmentation 152 Data Center Security 157 Physical Security Controls 157 Operational Security 161 Redundancy and Reliability 162 Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity 165 Identity and Access Management 167 Network Security in Cloud 170 Virtualization Security 172 Container Security 173 Summary 175 Other Resources 176 6. Cloud Application Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Application Security Threats 178 Identity and Access Management 178 Misconfiguration 180 Poor Vulnerability Management 180 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring 181 Poor Segmentation 183 Infrastructure Misconfigurations 185 Cloud Security Control Mechanisms 185 Cloud Access Security Broker 186 Zero Trust Network Access 187 Security Service Edge 188 Table of Contents | vii
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Secure Access Service Edge 190 Outsourcing Applications 192 Web Application Security 194 Using Application Programming Interfaces 196 Summary 197 Other Resources 198 7. Cloud Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Security and the Software Development Lifecycle 200 Software Development Lifecycle Methodologies 200 DevOps and DevSecOps 205 Threat Modeling 207 Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment 210 Infrastructure as Code 212 Site Reliability Engineering 214 Code Repositories 216 Introducing Security 217 Design Styles 220 Multitier Architecture 220 Application Programming Interface 222 Cloud Native Design 224 Summary 228 Other Resources 228 8. Cloud Security Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Types of Adversaries 230 Hacktivists 231 Organized Crime 231 Government-Sponsored Groups 232 Security Operations Frameworks 233 Cyber Kill Chain 233 Attack Lifecycle 235 NIST Cybersecurity Framework 237 Security Operations 242 Security Engineering 246 Logging 247 Monitoring 248 Security Information and Event Management 249 Summary 251 Other Resources 252 viii | Table of Contents
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9. Cloud Security Governance and Risk Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Risk Management 254 NIST Risk Management 257 ISO Risk Management 259 FAIR 262 Compliance 264 NIST and ISO 265 Cloud Security Alliance Cloud Control Matrix 267 Financial Requirements 268 System and Organization Controls 2 268 Cloud Support for Compliance 269 Policies, Standards, and Procedures 271 Policies 272 Standards and Procedures 274 Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery 275 Summary 276 Other Resources 277 10. Legal and Regulatory Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Data Privacy Regulations 280 General Data Protection Regulation 281 California Consumer Privacy Act 283 Other Privacy Laws (New York, China, etc.) 284 Contracts and Service Level Agreements 286 Vendor Management 288 Legal Compliance Best Practices 290 Digital Investigations in the Cloud 292 Summary 294 Other Resources 295 11. Cloud Security Emerging Trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Cloud Native Security 298 Modern/Emerging Identity and Access Management 301 Zero Trust Architecture 305 AI/ML in Cloud Security 307 Summary 309 Other Resources 310 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Table of Contents | ix
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Preface Because cloud resources are so convenient, powerful, and in most cases cost-effective, businesses and individuals alike are making use of them. New businesses can quickly turn up essential information technology resources to enable critical functions. It’s almost like a whole information technology department in a box. Because of this, there are significant security considerations. After all, both companies and individu‐ als want to ensure they are protecting sensitive information. Privacy is becoming more of a worry, especially considering the cloud resources are generally accessible to anyone on the public internet. As more cloud services become available, the protections necessary evolve. It seems like a good idea to have a single book that consolidates many of the controls and con‐ siderations necessary to protect cloud implementations. It’s always a good idea to start with a framework for subject matter like this, and certainly you can look at how each of the major public clouds thinks about security. Because the use of multiple cloud providers is common, having a framework that is vendor agnostic is a good approach. After all, foundational ideas underpin each implementation, so this book sticks with the basics and uses examples from the major cloud providers. The framework for this book is the Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) certification, because it is managed by a highly respected organization, and because it is vendor agnostic. While you can use this book as a study guide if you want to pursue your own certifi‐ cation attempt, the book does not teach to the test, focusing on concepts instead. This will help you understand the subject matter better than simply trying to memorize a bunch of facts to pass an exam, since that won’t help you much if you try to apply the knowledge. Additionally, this book can be used if you want to get some understanding about the application of information security principles to cloud computing platforms. xi
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Conventions Used in This Book The following typographical conventions are used in this book: Italic Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions. Constant width Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program ele‐ ments such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables, statements, and keywords. Constant width bold Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user. Constant width italic Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values deter‐ mined by context. This element signifies a tip or suggestion. This element signifies a general note. This element indicates a warning or caution. O’Reilly Online Learning For more than 40 years, O’Reilly Media has provided technol‐ ogy and business training, knowledge, and insight to help companies succeed. xii | Preface
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Our unique network of experts and innovators share their knowledge and expertise through books, articles, and our online learning platform. O’Reilly’s online learning platform gives you on-demand access to live training courses, in-depth learning paths, interactive coding environments, and a vast collection of text and video from O’Reilly and 200+ other publishers. For more information, visit https://oreilly.com. How to Contact Us Please address comments and questions concerning this book to the publisher: O’Reilly Media, Inc. 141 Stony Circle, Suite 195 Santa Rosa, CA 95401 800-889-8969 (in the United States or Canada) 707-827-7019 (international or local) 707-829-0104 (fax) support@oreilly.com https://oreilly.com/about/contact.html We have a web page for this book, where we list errata and any additional informa‐ tion. You can access this page at https://oreil.ly/learning_cloud_security. For news and information about our books and courses, visit https://oreilly.com. Find us on LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/company/oreilly. Watch us on YouTube: https://youtube.com/oreillymedia. Acknowledgments With grateful acknowledgment to all the professionals who help guide the development of the objectives for the CCSP, since they try to keep up with all the changes in the industry. Thanks also to my agent Carole Jelen, as well as my editors, Shira Evans and Simina Calin. Also, thanks to both Jessica Rocchio and Karl Ots for their assistance and support. Preface | xiii
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CHAPTER 1 About the Certified Cloud Security Practitioner Topics covered in this chapter include: • Why the CCSP is necessary • About the ISC2 • CCSP domains • About the exam While news has become very personalized in many ways, and each person’s news feeds and sources will be populated in ways that are relevant to what they have shown an interest in, it is true that in general, news about one sort of cyberattack or another shows up very regularly. This is because technology has made criminal activities not only significantly easier, but also potentially more lucrative. You can get more results with less because the computer, and your victims, are doing a lot of the work for you. This significantly increases the need for security-focused professionals to protect information resources. Presumably, this is a big part of why you have grabbed this book. You would like to be able to declare that you know what you are talking about with respect to cloud security, and the material covered in the Certified Cloud Secu‐ rity Practitioner (CCSP) exam is one way to do that. This chapter includes a short history lesson to better put cloud computing into con‐ text of decades of changes and evolutions. This helps you understand the return to outsourcing information technology to large providers. It also covers the exam, including the organization responsible for maintaining the exam. You will get a better understanding of what the exam process is before you get the test scheduled and sit down to take it. Understanding specifics ahead of time may help you be calmer when 1
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you sit for the exam. Limiting the amount of uncertainty can free up parts of your brain to focus on the content of the exam, rather than worrying about the structure or format. The Need for the CCSP There is now a long history of information processing, and as it becomes more ubiq‐ uitous, it is easy to lose track of where we have come from and miss that while the scale is different, much of what we are seeing is just another version of where we have already been. The economics interfaces and scale are different, but in the end, the move to cloud providers for data processing resources is another version of the pen‐ dulum that has been swinging for decades. Do you want to process your own data or do you want to pay someone else to do it for you? It makes a lot of sense. In the last couple of decades or more, many companies have had to become information technology companies. To keep up with the modern world, it was necessary for data to become digital and for workers to have computing devices to access and manipulate that data. This meant a lot of technology resources for companies whose primary business had nothing at all to do with computers or technology. Obtaining and maintaining computing resources became a cost of doing business for everyone around the world. Historical Context Many decades ago, the chairman of International Business Machines (IBM) was said to have indicated a belief that there was a worldwide market for about five computers. While there is no direct evidence that Thomas J. Watson actually made that assertion, there was a time when computers were so expensive (there may not be enough adjec‐ tives to adequately convey how costly they were compared to their time), and were often built on an as-needed basis rather than mass-marketed, that the expectation was companies that needed data processing would go to another company to have it done for them. This was if they actually needed a computer to do the processing rather than just employing humans to do the work. In the early 1980s I worked for a service bureau, which was a company you could hire to perform data processing on your behalf. Much of the work that company did was managing mailing lists of addresses that would then be printed onto labels to affix to catalogs. This was not all the work, but it was a substantial amount of what was done at that company. The first service bureau was established in 1932 by IBM, and for sev‐ eral decades, large computers were owned primarily by these service bureaus, han‐ dling information processing for smaller companies that didn’t want to purchase their own multimillion-dollar machines. 2 | Chapter 1: About the Certified Cloud Security Practitioner
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Even after the advent of the personal computer, there were shifts in how computers were maintained and who owned them. Even today, companies are in the business of owning data centers where they either rent out space or rent out processing capabilities. All of this is a long-winded way of saying that cloud computing is just the next evolu‐ tion of the outsourcing that has been going on for decades. Essentially, there has been a swing between in-house and out-house processing for ages. Suggesting that cloud computing is a new animal misses decades of history. This is not to say that cloud computing hasn’t brought some changes in how we work, but nothing more than switching from using a mainframe to using a personal com‐ puter, and then switching to being able to have multiple programs running at the same time with visual representations of the data rather than being strictly text-based. We continue to evolve our data processing capabilities and how we manage access to them. Switching to an outsourced cloud provider is the next step, but don’t expect it to be the last step that is taken in your or my lifetime. One of the most significant changes that cloud computing brought was automation. This had been going on in various ways for a long time, since automated tasks have more predictability and consistency of results. When you marry automation with the use of web-based technologies to interact with the automation and systems, you get significant business advantages. While businesses have long been moving toward vir‐ tualization, cloud providers have accelerated that movement because they have made it easy and cost-effective. Imagine every business trying to re-create all the web inter‐ faces and automation that the major cloud providers have created. This creates effi‐ ciencies and significant cost savings. Business Context for the CCSP Because it has become such an important part of the business landscape, however, with all the economic benefits and efficiencies that come with it, cloud computing deserves a lot of attention. And since data resources are valuable, they need to be pro‐ tected. One of the challenges with using any outsourced vendor to manage critical business resources is figuring out who is responsible for what level of protection. And since cloud computing resources are often accessed over the open internet, this level of protection is a little more challenging than if you were in a locked data center at your own facilities. Cloud computing has not only made it possible for larger companies to enhance their data processing capabilities in a more cost-effective way, it has also effectively demo‐ cratized information processing. Small businesses can get started quickly with the same computing capabilities that larger companies have. The Need for the CCSP | 3
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As a result, we need security professionals who know how to apply the fundamentals of information security to cloud computing platforms. It’s important not to lose sight of the fact that the critical properties of information security—confidentiality, integ‐ rity, and availability—remain. We still need to ensure we have strong identity and access control in place, for instance. We still need to have strong protections in place to ensure attackers can’t get access to critical business resources. This includes all the network and application protections you are used to, as well as the usual things like encryption, access control, data management lifecycles, and all the other elements of a strong information security program. This is why a certification like the CCSP is important. Individual cloud providers will have their own certifications that are security related, but the current landscape of how businesses are using cloud providers suggests a multicloud approach where instead of using a single service provider, a company is using multiple providers to support its information processing needs. About ISC2 The CCSP exam is managed by the International Information System Security Certif‐ ication Consortium, more commonly known as ISC2, sometimes stylized as (ISC)2. ISC2 is an organization that was created in 1989 out of a recognized need for vendor- neutral certifications. This led to a Common Body of Knowledge (CBK), detailing all the information a highly skilled and knowledgeable practitioner should have. This was completed in 1992, and the Certified Information Systems Security Practitioner (CISSP) certification, which ISC2 is primarily known for, became available in 1994. Since that time, ISC2 has developed other certifications. In addition to managing the CCSP, CISSP, and other certifications, ISC2 offers train‐ ings and conferences. As of mid-2024, ISC2 had nearly 675,000 members worldwide. ISC2 facilitates training and education, as well as networking for all of its members. The courses offered by ISC2 to members go beyond security-related subjects and include leadership training. Ethics is an important element of information security. Security professionals often have access to sensitive information or perhaps they are given access to do testing, which can do significant damage to businesses and their resources if not handled appropriately. Because of this level of potential impact to businesses, security profes‐ sionals are generally expected to act with a high degree of ethics. As a result, anyone who is certified through ISC2 has to agree to a code of ethics. Security professionals have to agree to the following precepts: • Protect society, the common good, necessary public trust and confidence, and the infrastructure • Act honorably, honestly, justly, responsibly, and legally 4 | Chapter 1: About the Certified Cloud Security Practitioner
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