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› Hands-on preparation and practice › Practical skills advancement for practitioners › Prescriptive guidance from expert voices Microsof t Power BI Data Analyst Certification Companion Preparation for Exam PL-300 › Jessica Jolly CERTIFICATION STUDY COMPANION SERIES
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The Apress Certification Study Companion Series offers guidance and hands-on practice to support technical and business professionals who are studying for an exam in the pursuit of an industry certification. Professionals worldwide seek to achieve certifications in order to advance in a career role, reinforce knowledge in a specific discipline, or to apply for or change jobs. This series focuses on the most widely taken certification exams in a given field. It is designed to be user friendly, tracking to topics as they appear in a given exam. Authors for this series are experts and instructors who not only possess a deep understanding of the content, but also have experience teaching the key concepts that support readers in the practical application of the skills learned in their day-to-day roles. More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/17100
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Microsoft Power BI Data Analyst Certification Companion: Preparation for Exam PL-300 ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-9012-5 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-9013-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9013-2 Copyright © 2023 by Jessica Jolly This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Managing Director, Apress Media LLC: Welmoed Spahr Acquisitions Editor: Jonathan Gennick Development Editor: Laura Berendson Coordinating Editor: Jill Balzano Cover designed by eStudioCalamar Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business Media New York, 1 New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004-1562, USA. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax (201) 348-4505, e-mail orders-ny@ springer-sbm.com, or visit www.springeronline.com. Apress Media, LLC is a California LLC and the sole member (owner) is Springer Science + Business Media Finance Inc (SSBM Finance Inc). SSBM Finance Inc is a Delaware corporation. For information on translations, please e-mail booktranslations@springernature.com; for reprint, paperback, or audio rights, please e-mail bookpermissions@springernature.com. Apress titles may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use. eBook versions and licenses are also available for most titles. For more information, reference our Print and eBook Bulk Sales web page at http://www.apress.com/bulk-sales. Any source code or other supplementary material referenced by the author in this book is available to readers on GitHub via the book's product page, located at www.apress.com/. For more detailed information, please visit http://www.apress.com/source-code. Printed on acid-free paper Jessica Jolly Evanston, IL, USA
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xvii About the Author Jessica Jolly is a Microsoft Certified Trainer (MCT) who helps businesses, nonprofits, and individuals improve their business intelligence skills, bit by byte. She runs her own business, ALT-Enter, LLC. Before her reinvention as an entrepreneur (after 50!), she worked for Unilever, a global consumer products company, for 27 years, in a variety of managerial roles. Her business practice focuses on data visualization tools, specifically Microsoft's Power BI platform. She is living proof that you could cry through every math class you ever had and still fashion a career that focuses on data, charts, visuals, and code. When she is not training other adults, she is knitting and quilting (a refuge from all of the technology!), reading about the Civil War, swimming, gardening, biking, hiking, and canoeing.
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xix About the Technical Reviewer Ginger Grant is a Data Platform MVP who provides consulting services in advanced analytic solutions, including machine learning, data warehousing, and Power BI. She is an author of articles and books and at DesertIsleSQL. com and uses her MCT to provide data platform training in topics such as Azure Synapse Analytics, Python, and Azure Machine Learning.
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xxi Acknowledgments I would like to thank Ginger Grant, my technical editor, for her kindness when correcting my errors. It takes tact and empathy to tell someone they are wrong, and she has both in spades.
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xxiii Introduction I cannot honestly say that I have always wanted to write a book. What I can say is that I have relied on books written by others throughout my learning journey with Power BI. Call me “old-school,” but having the physical document available to write notes on, refer to, and reread helps me master a concept, technique, or idea. When Apress approached me with the idea of writing a book about the PL-300, I was excited and nervous. Excited because it would give me a chance to “pay it forward”—to help others who want to pass the PL-300 and, more importantly, become skilled Power BI practitioners. Nervous because I worried that I wouldn’t be able to write cogently and succinctly about all the topics covered by the PL-300. In the process of writing, I had to research some topics further, because I realized that I didn’t fully understand them. I had to think deeply about each topic to come up with simple, clear language to explain complex elements. In other words, I had to really ensure that I understood each topic before I could write about it. This process has made me a better teacher and a better practitioner. Because teaching is my priority, I really hope that this book will reach folks who may feel intimidated by Power BI. I hope it will empower you, dear reader, to tackle the PL-300 exam. Even more importantly, I hope the book will encourage you to pick up other books written by other Power BI professionals. Apress publishes many of these titles, and they are all excellent. Finally, let me share with you my personal mantra: #showup. Do not be afraid to take the exam; so what if you fail? Failure is integral to learning. Do not be afraid to speak at a conference; there are always folks who know less than you do and folks who know more than you do. Do not be afraid to become active in the Power BI community. We are a very welcoming, inclusive group of people who want everyone to succeed, and that includes you!
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3 CHAPTER 1 Exam Overview Welcome, reader. I hope that this book will be informative and helpful as you prepare for the PL-300 exam. I am a big believer in certification and want to encourage as many people as possible to get certified. Why Certify? The very premise of this book begs a question: Why certify? Lots of very talented professionals in the Power BI community are not, and don’t feel the need to be, certified. You certainly can go this route if your “street cred” is high, that is, other professionals recognize your expertise. Building up your reputation over time is one way to accomplish professional recognition. But what if you are in a hurry? Or you don’t have an extensive network to leverage? This is where a certification is valuable. Any Microsoft certification test you take is rigorous and comprehensive—it is supposed to be! If you pass, that is a very good indicator to others (hiring managers, colleagues, your wider network) that you possess the minimum amount of expertise deemed necessary to be a competent Power BI practitioner. The PL-300 exam is what I call a “broad-spectrum” exam; it will test you on a wide range of concepts and techniques. To prepare for the exam, you need to make sure you are conversant with the full Power BI ecosystem. That’s what makes the PL-300 (and the DA-100 before it) such a good indicator of your competencies and why certification is a great way to advertise them. When Should You Take the Exam? I take exams as part of my job; I am a Microsoft Certified Trainer (MCT) and am required to maintain active certifications to renew my MCT yearly. I was never terribly test-phobic and am certainly not now—I can’t afford to be! But I recognize that lots of people are © Jessica Jolly 2023 J. Jolly, Microsoft Power BI Data Analyst Certification Companion, Certification Study Companion Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9013-2_1
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4 terrified of taking a test. In my observation, there are two types of exam takers: (1) those who want to be completely prepared and won’t sit for an exam unless they are close to 100% confident in their knowledge and (2) those who take the exam as soon as they feel even slightly ready. (Full disclosure: I am firmly in the second camp.) If you are in the “completely prepared” camp, you are your own best judge of when to take the exam. But I can say don’t wait for the perfect moment. No such moment exists. I can’t honestly say that this book (or any study material) will completely prepare you for every question on the exam. There will be questions even a seasoned professional may not have encountered. Nor do I expect that you will want to take exams the way I do: on a wing and a prayer. I use exams as a gauge of how far I am from competency. Occasionally, my approach works, and I unexpectedly pass an exam. But more frequently, I fail. I have a high tolerance for failure, which is not the same as saying it doesn’t bother me. It does. But I work at taking it in stride. I respond to passing the same way I react to failing; it’s a milestone along the way. In this way, I normalize the taking of exams, without overvaluing either outcome. In this book though, I am trying to prepare you for a middle way: taking the exam once you are reasonably confident in your knowledge. What Is Reasonably Confident? Determining if you are reasonably confident is subjective, but there are objective measures you can use. The first, and most important, method is to follow the list provided by Microsoft that outlines each of the subject areas (also called domains). This book is organized using those domains. Don’t skip any chapters because you can be sure that some material from each domain will appear on the exam. Practice the techniques described as much as possible. Read or listen to other supplementary material, particularly on topics that you don’t understand. (I will provide well-reputed sources for additional content in Chapter 15.) Attend as many user group meetings as you can. Post-COVID, most of them have a virtual option, so attending is much easier than it used to be. To assess my understanding of a topic, I describe the concept using layman’s terms— no technical terms at all. If I can’t “translate” the idea into “plain English,” I know I am not quite there. I also perform “teach-back” to someone else. Almost anyone in the Power BI community is a likely audience for a “teach-back.” If the audience is more proficient than you are, they can give you feedback on aspects where you were unclear or, worse yet, incorrect. If your audience is not as knowledgeable as you are, they can tell you which parts you explained clearly and areas where your explanation was “muddied.” Chapter 1 exam Overview