Cracking Containers with Docker and Kubernetes The definitive guide to Docker, Kubernetes, and the Container Ecosystem across… (Nisarg Vasavada, Dhwani Sametriya) (Z-Library)

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Cracking Containers with Docker and Kubernetes The definitive guide to Docker, Kubernetes, and the Container Ecosystem across Cloud and on-premises Nisarg Vasavada Dhwani Sametriya www.bpbonline.com

FIRST EDITION 2022 Copyright © BPB Publications, India ISBN: 978-93-91030-79-7 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher with the exception to the program listings which may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they can not be reproduced by the means of publication, photocopy, recording, or by any electronic and mechanical means. LIMITS OF LIABILITY AND DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY The information contained in this book is true to correct and the best of author’s and publisher’s knowledge. The author has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of these publications, but publisher cannot be held responsible for any loss or damage arising from any information in this book. All trademarks referred to in the book are acknowledged as properties of their respective owners but BPB Publications cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

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About the Authors Nisarg Vasavada is an Indian National Hailing from the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi, He is an Electronics and Communication Engineer by Qualification, an e-Learning entrepreneur by profession, and a foodie minimalistic animal lover by heart (oh, and a huge anime fan too, believe it!). He has pursued BE in Electronics and Communication and ME in Embedded System Even during the college years, technical presentations and project demonstrations have been his favorite activities. During his bachelor’s at Noble Engineering he was felicitated with the Dewang Mehta Award for excellence in Communication, which empowered him to consider writing and presentations more than just academic necessities. His master’s at the PG School of GTU provided him a platform to take his technical writing skills a step further by authoring, presenting, and publishing review and research papers at international IEEE conferences. Respecting the essence of education is something that he has inherited from his family. On top of that, he has been privileged enough to work with CDAC ACTS, Chegg Inc., and Loonycorn which helped him get exposure to the front line of virtual delivery of educational content. Presently, he directs video courses for Cerulean Canvas on bleeding edge technologies like Cloud Computing, DevOps, 5G, Artificial Intelligence, and the list keeps growing. Just google Cerulean Canvas Courses!

If you want to share your research (specially on green computing), discuss a course idea or potential partnership, get anime recommendations, or share cute cat or panda videos… he is the one you’re looking for! Dhwani Sametriya is another Indian National Hailing from the food capital and the heart of Gujarat, She has pursued B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering at CHARUSAT and ME in VLSI from PG School of VLSI is not just a topic or major, it is the way of life that teaches you to prioritize even the tiniest details in a way that everything works ever so smoothly and most of the people don’t even realize the magic going on inside the chips smaller than their fingertips. She fancies food, photography, culture, well-written dramas, and aquariums! Be it her casual visits at the Science City as a child, Industrial visits or weekend workshops at College, or research work at CDAC ACTS… “How Stuff Works” has always piqued her interest (nostalgic reference intended)! Her work with Masibus, Knowmore CPH, and Loonycorn has given her the opportunity to write, create, and publish Datasheets, Technical Manuals, Business Presentations, Research Papers, Articles, and Video Courses. She is a Docker Certified Associate and a Cloud Computing Enthusiast. Currently, she is Cerulean Canvas’ Content Producer (just google “Cerulean Canvas Courses”!) and a Member of the Editorial Board at Whioce Publishing.

About the Reviewers Abhishek Mishra is an architect with a leading multinational software company and has deep expertise in designing and building enterprise-grade intelligent Azure and .NET-based architectures. He is an expert in .NET, full stack, Azure (PaaS, IaaS, serverless), infrastructure as code, Azure machine learning, intelligent Azure (AzureBot Services and Cognitive Services), and robotics process automation. He has a rich 15+ years of experience working in top organizations in the industry. He loves blogging and is an active blogger in the C# Corner developer community. He was awarded the C# Corner MVP in December 2018, December 2019, and December 2020 for his contributions to the developer community. Saibal Ghosh is currently employed as a Principal Architect in Ericsson India Ltd. He has an overall experience of more than 20 years in different areas of technology including Cloud, Cloud Security, Docker, Kubernetes, databases, and operating systems, and uses his understanding of technology to solve real-world problems. He is very deeply involved in matching technology with business requirements and these days spends a lot of his time working on the security of the different telecom systems being deployed at the customer locations. He has rich experience in areas like security, solutioning, system integration, and consulting. He obsesses about technology and technical communication and works painstakingly

to ensure that technical communication with various stakeholders is precise, correct, and meaningful. Outside of work, he likes to spend time with his family as well as pursue his deep and abiding interest in yoga and meditation. Michael Hausenblas is a Solution Engineering Lead in the open- source observability service team at Amazon Web Services. He covers Prometheus, Grafana, and OpenTelemetry upstream and in managed services. Before Amazon, he worked at Red Hat, Mesosphere, MapR, and in two research institutions in Ireland and Austria.

Acknowledgements Writing a book takes patience and a positive state of mind. These aspects are challenging to maintain, especially during the time of the pandemic. Without direct and indirect support from all directions, this book would have been just a pipe dream. I (Nisarg) would like to thank my parents Dr Neeta Vasavada and Dr Milan for raising me as a man who romanticizes the pursuit of knowledge and considers his moral duty to share it with utmost dedication. Mother’s selflessness, benevolence, and open- heartedness have always been inspirational, whereas Father’s ever so successful efforts of vaccinating hundreds of families and making the world more immune to Covid-19 one jab at a time were nothing short of heroic. It brings chuckles and giggles on my face while appreciating every single purr, meow, headbutt, crawl, and nibble by my beloved super cute feline family members (cats). Lots of love to you all! I (Dhwani) would also like to express gratitude towards my family. My mother, Mrs. Shakuntala Sametriya’s fearless attitude to take on new challenges with all her might and the never-ending wisdom talks with my father, Mr. Poonamchand Sametriya have played a huge role in shaping my current self. A big hug to my sister Shweta Sametriya for always shielding me and filling my life with laughter. Your expressiveness in the field of design has taught me the importance of individuality in life. It takes a hearty bunch of loving Gujjus to spend lockdowns like a breeze over video

calls, home-cooked food, and fruit juices… I am proud to be around them. Together, we would also like to appreciate BPB Publication. A big thanks to Nrip Sourabh and Surbhi Saxena for making this integration possible and carrying it out smoothly. We can’t thank Shali Deeraj and Priyanka Deshpande enough for coordinating with us so well and for tolerating our inconsistent timelines. Special thanks to Saibal Abhishek and Michael Hausenblas for reviewing this book with such attention and care. Your involvement has taken this project a notch higher in quality and has helped us grow as authors. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to the ever so vibrant DevOps internet community, including but definitely not limited to Docker Captains, authors of various documentations and public projects, and the students of Cerulean All of you are awesome!

Preface “Innovation is the ability to see change as an opportunity, not as a threat.” - Steve Jobs (apparently) Even at this point in 2021, the majority of Computer Science, IT, and Electronics university curricula across the globe haven’t advanced enough to train students not to strictly pick between black and white and go for their comfortable shade of gray (no pun intended). To such students, the DevOps philosophy of participating in the best of both worlds (Development and Operations) comfortably, sounds elitist and far-fetched. Conversely, the industry is rapidly migrating towards cost-efficient, cloud-native, AI-driven DevOps workflow, which makes upskilling more of a necessity than an ambition. To be honest, by the time Containers and their role in DevOps became mainstream, both of the authors of this book had already completed their academics. We were awestruck by the potential of Containers, Docker, and Kubernetes when we came across them. Personal projects, hobby projects, start-ups, enterprises… Everyone can benefit by adopting containerized microservice application model! Their creative and potentially productive ideas can break- free from the shackles of inevitable large-scale IT infrastructure dependence and the financial risks associated with it. We had

jumped into the field of e-learning with these topics and have been serving thousands of students virtually ever since. This book is the culmination of our experience and our expressive attempt to make students, professionals, and enthusiasts of all levels appreciate this technology as much as we do. The writing of this book is aimed to reach a sweet spot between casual comfortable discussions and accurate technical facts. While the chapter and topic sequencing have been carried out to be comfortable to the complete beginners, the information sprinkle is aimed to keep even the seasoned professionals engaged. We have tried to answer as many and What as possible. Almost every topic is explained with practical examples, necessary tutorials and its real-world implications. Codes, commands, figures, and screenshots are double-checked to avoid any misunderstandings. Things that are not supposed to be taken so seriously (jokes, puns, personal opinions, and curiosities) are written in italic to maintain a uniform sense of separation. To expand the context about the content of the book further, the first page of each chapter is pretty special. The Introduction section gives a brief idea of what you will learn from it, the Structure section provides a list of major topics in the chapter, and the Objective section lets you know how the chapter will serve you in your journey of learning containers (point A to point B stuff). Here are one liners for what each chapter delivers (after all, we don’t want to spoil too much).

Chapter 1 explains microservices and establishes the need for virtualization. Chapter 2 explores virtualization and containerization with a little computing history. Chapter 3 introduces Docker with its architecture and a hands-on example. Chapter 4 teaches how to write your own Dockerfiles for Container Images. Chapter 5 demonstrates Container lifecycle and operations with Docker CLI. Chapter 6 covers Docker Networks and Docker Storage objects with their drivers. Chapter 7 construes Docker Compose to easily write multi- container applications. Chapter 8 elucidates Container Orchestration with Docker Swarm. Chapter 9 says “Hello!” to Kubernetes with its architecture, cluster bootstrapping, and an example. Chapter 10 expands upon workload orchestration with pods and its controlling Kubernetes Objects.

Chapter 11 digs deep into a diverse range of network and storage options of Kubernetes. Chapter 12 reinforces cluster robustness with Kubernetes access management and security standards. Chapter 13 simplifies Hosted/Managed Kubernetes on Cloud offerings with Google Kubernetes Engine to further leverage Kubernetes’ orchestration potential. Chapter 14 dives deep into the Container ecosystem with supportive tools such as Helm, Spinnaker, Stack Driver, Prometheus, and Istio. Chapter 15 glosses over Serverless Kubernetes with Cloud Run. Chapter 16 concludes the journey on an optimistic note (for now). The book has a prologue but not an epilogue because the containers are still a growing technology, so writing an epilogue would be kind of premature. We really hope you like this book, and it finds a permanent place in your digital or physical bookshelves, office desks, and university recommendations as the time goes on. Wish you a very happy and satisfactory reading journey!

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Downloading the code bundle and coloured images: Please follow the link to download the Code Bundle and the Coloured Images of the book: https://rebrand.ly/383d55 Errata We take immense pride in our work at BPB Publications and follow best practices to ensure the accuracy of our content to provide with an indulging reading experience to our subscribers. Our readers are our mirrors, and we use their inputs to reflect and improve upon human errors, if any, that may have occurred during the publishing processes involved. To let us maintain the quality and help us reach out to any readers who might be having difficulties due to any unforeseen errors, please write to us at : errata@bpbonline.com Your support, suggestions and feedbacks are highly appreciated by the BPB Publications’ Family.

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BPB is searching for authors like you If you're interested in becoming an author for BPB, please visit www.bpbonline.com and apply today. We have worked with thousands of developers and tech professionals, just like you, to help them share their insight with the global tech community. You can make a general application, apply for a specific hot topic that we are recruiting an author for, or submit your own idea. The code bundle for the book is also hosted on GitHub at In case there's an update to the code, it will be updated on the existing GitHub repository. We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and videos available at Check them out! PIRACY If you come across any illegal copies of our works in any form on the internet, we would be grateful if you would provide us with the location address or website name. Please contact us at business@bpbonline.com with a link to the material. If you are interested in becoming an author

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