AI ML - Powering the Agents of Automation Demystifying, IOT, Robots, ChatBots, RPA, Drones Autonomous Cars- The new… (Deepika M, Vijay Cuddapah, Amitendra Srivastava etc.) (Z-Library)

AI and ML Powering the Agents of Automation Demystifying, IOT, Robots, ChatBots, RPA, Drones & Autonomous Cars - The new workforce led Digital Reinvention facilitated by AI & ML and secured through Blockchain by DEEPIKA M, VIJAY CUDDAPAH, AMITENDRA SRIVASTAVA, SRINIVAS MAHANKALI

ii  FIRST EDITION 2019 Copyright © BPB Publications, India ISBN: 978-93-88511-636 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher with the exception to the program listings which may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they can not be reproduced by the means of publication. LIMITS OF LIABILITY AND DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY The information contained in this book is true to correct and the best of author’s & publisher’s knowledge. The author has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of these publications, but cannot be held responsible for any loss or damage arising from any information in this book. All trademarks referred to in the book are acknowledged as properties of their respective owners. Distributors: BPB PUBLICATIONS 20, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj New Delhi-110002 Ph: 23254990/23254991 MICRO MEDIA Shop No. 5, Mahendra Chambers, 150 DN Rd. Next to Capital Cinema, V.T. (C.S.T.) Station, MUMBAI-400 001 Ph: 22078296/22078297 DECCAN AGENCIES 4-3-329, Bank Street, Hyderabad-500195 Ph: 24756967/24756400 BPB BOOK CENTRE 376 Old Lajpat Rai Market, Delhi-110006 Ph: 23861747 Published by Manish Jain for BPB Publications, 20 Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002 and Printed by him at Repro India Ltd, Mumbai

 iii About the Author DEEPIKA M http://linkedin.com/in/deepika2019 Deepika is CCNA/CCNP/CCIE certified Computer Engineering graduate and a Cybersecurity professional with over four years’ of experience in Networking and Cybersecurity from Cisco. She has completed her MBA in General Management with specialization in Finance, Marketing and Analytics (Trained in R and Python) from Asia School of Business, Kuala Lumpur, in collaboration with the MIT Sloan School of Management. She is a R3 Corda certified Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology Evangelist. She received a scholarship at Stanford Ignite 2017 for her Entrepreneurial Development Program. SRINIVAS MAHANKALI http://linkedin.com/in/srini-ults Srinivas Mahankali is an alumnus of IIT Madras and IIM Bangalore and heads the Blockchain Center of Excellence at ULTS (ULCCS Group, Calicut, Kerala). He is certified in Lean Six Sigma, NCFM Level 2, Capital Markets and R3 Corda. He is the author of the book Blockchain–The Untold Story and also co-authored, Successful Organizations in Action. Blockchain–The Untold Story is deemed to be the first book to be translated from English into Chinese by Artificial Engineering Bots. VIJAY K. CUDDAPAH http://linkedin.com/in/vijay-kumar-0706858 With a Masters degree in Business Management and a B.Sc. degree in Computer Science, Vijay is responsible towards Technology/ Functional Development and Strategic Planning in IOT, AI and Analytics organizations. He has 10 years’ of experience in project development, deployment and delivery. He has experience in multiple areas such as Analytics, Machine Learning, Information Technology and Consultancy- related Services. He is passionate about drones and diverse technologies ranging from Analytics, Machine Learning, Simulation, Automation, Tools development, and Application Development across different verticals. He has significant experience in research methodology, design and conducting large-scale surveys and analysis.

iv  AMITENDRA SRIVASTAVA http://linkedin.com/in/amitendra-srivastava-a5007844 Amitendra holds a post graduate diploma in Business Administration from ISCS, Pune. He has more than 14 years of rich corporate experience in training delivery and analytics product development. He has worked with HDFC Bank, Redwood Associates and Analytics Training Institute. He is extremely passionate about Analytics, Statistical concepts, Deep Learning and AI, Predictive modeling, Video Analytics and Autonomous Vehicle Technology.

 v Acknowledgements We are extremely delighted to see our combined team effort on our collective experience and expertise take shape in the form of an amazing resource to demystify the disruptive technological forces that operate as a ‘Blackbox’ to most, even now! A number of passionate AI and ML Automation experts and great organizations like Microsoft, IBM, Google, Amazon, Oracle, CISCO, Facebook, and brilliant upcoming companies across domains like Manychat, Chatfuel, Blue Prism, Automation Anywhere Astound, Intel and many more have offered a lot of educational content on the net. This book has been inspired by many such works. We tried to mention the references in corresponding pages wherever referred to in this book. If you are concerned that we may have overlooked or missed anything, we request that you immediately contact us at agents of automationbpb@ gmail.com. We would like to thank all our friends, well wishers, and family members who encouraged us in pursuing our passion wholeheartedly. We would also like to thank Dr. Naghi Prasad (Co-founder of Astound Inc.), Mr. Ajay Kavungal Anat (President, Calicut Management Association), Deepak Agarwal, Abhishek Bhattacharya and others who have helped us with their reviews and shared their valuable feedback. We indeed owe a lot to Asia’s largest publishers of Computer and Technology books, BPB Publications, headed by Mr. Manish Jain and his amazing team members! Deepika M (on behalf of the authors)

vi  Preface We live in an autonomous world. Billions of people and many more trillions of living organisms are using the resources of the universe which are apparently not made by living organisms but by the laws of nature. The sun, moon, stars and the forces of nature are going about their paths in a routine manner for billions of years giving us seasons and all the great experiences. The human being’s quest for unearthing ‘God’ or emulating Him by any means is manifesting in a number of ways, including the launch of autonomous devices and humanoids, that one day they may be more ubiquitous than the human beings. Unmanned spacecrafts that hit their targets precisely on another planet are indeed a wonder to many. The same autonomy is deemed to be transplanted into many more aspects of our modern life. Chatbots, voice assistants, drones, AI-enabled robots and autonomous cars are now being ‘employed’ increasingly. On the other hand, we have seen the launch of Bitcoin Cryptocurrency which has become the largest unmanned, unowned and unmanaged peer-to-peer network running on its own as a ‘Decentralized Autonomous Organization’ without any interference for over 10 years. We are witnessing an increasing trend towards autonomy, decentralized approach, open source, and pay-as-you-go approaches. Where this all will lead to is anyone’s guess or a calculated forecast. But it is imperative for us to take a close look at these developments, understand their dynamics and be prepared for the future. We should be knowledgeable enough to foresee and leverage the forces of disruption and stay ahead of the rest. Only then our survival is assured, lest we would be blown away by these powerful waves of disruption. This book ‘Agents of Automation’ takes a close look at the

 vii various disruptive technologies that are shaping our world and enables everyone to take a pragmatic view to leverage them to ‘Augment’ our performance by making them our ‘Agents’ too. Further, the power and utility of Blockchain is well examined as a tool to de-risk the growing threat of malware attacks and cybercriminals that could not only be a spoil sport but also provide dangerous twists along the way. Blockchain allows us to scale our automation by striking the threats of data breaches and cyberattacks at their very roots, thus making the scaling through automation a delightful reality that improves the quality of life of all concerned. The readers are sure to enjoy this journey into the future!

viii  Errata We take immense pride in our work at BPB Publications and follow best practices to ensure the accuracy of our content to provide with an indulging reading experience to our subscribers. Our readers are our mirrors, and we use their inputs to reflect and improve upon human errors if any, occurred during the publishing processes involved. To let us maintain the quality and help us reach out to any readers who might be having difficulties due to any unforeseen errors, please write to us at : errata@bpbonline.com Your support, suggestions and feedbacks are highly appreciated by the BPB Publications’ Family.

 ix Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Automated Personal Assistants: Past, Present And Future...................................................................... 1 2. Disruptive Models Led by Digitization............................................ 5 Introduction...................................................................................... 5 Structure............................................................................................ 6 Conclusion.......................................................................................11 3. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence ............................... 13 Introduction.................................................................................... 13 Structure.......................................................................................... 13 Objectives........................................................................................ 14 The Rise of Machine Learning ..................................................... 18 Computer Vision............................................................................ 23 Data Analysis and Data Visualization........................................ 23 General Purpose Ml....................................................................... 23 Natural Language Processing...................................................... 23 Topic Modelling ............................................................................ 23 Resources For Learning Data Science......................................... 24 Case Study: Intel® Openvino™ Toolkit for Advanced InduStry 4.0 Applications............................................................. 25 Openvino™ Toolkit Contains ............................................................. 26 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 28 4. Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and Factories of Tomorrow ...... 29 Introduction.................................................................................... 29 Structure.......................................................................................... 30 Objective ......................................................................................... 30 What is Iot?..................................................................................... 32 Data Management in a Typical Enterprise and the Threat of Single Point of Failure.................................................. 49 Conclusion...................................................................................... 51

x  5. Robots .................................................................................................... 53 Introduction.................................................................................... 53 Structure.......................................................................................... 53 Objective ......................................................................................... 54 Important Skills of A Robot.......................................................... 55 Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots ................................ 56 Laws Of Robotics........................................................................... 57 Systems in a Robot......................................................................... 58 Components of a Robot ................................................................ 59 Planning the Project ...................................................................... 63 Procuring the Components and Assemblies ............................. 63 Robot Microcontrollers ................................................................. 64 Robot Sensors ................................................................................. 64 Robot Servos................................................................................... 64 Robot Arms and Legs.................................................................... 64 Ros (Robot Operating System) .................................................... 65 Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio......................................... 65 Evolution of Robots And Their Increased Utility With The Advent of AI And Ml............................................................. 67 Robots and Automation in Airports ........................................... 67 Self Servicing Check in Agents at the Airports ......................... 68 Conclusion...................................................................................... 72 6. Robotic Process Automation ............................................................. 75 Introduction.................................................................................... 75 Structure.......................................................................................... 75 Objective ......................................................................................... 76 What is RPA or Robotic Process Automation? .......................... 77 Levels of RPA.................................................................................. 78 RPA And BPM (Business Process Management) ...................... 78 The Predominantly Types of Roles In RPA Projects ................. 79 Process Developers........................................................................ 79 Business Users................................................................................ 80

 xi Solution Architects ....................................................................... 80 Technical Consultants ................................................................... 80 Developers and Project Managers............................................... 81 Blueprism........................................................................................ 81 Uipath.............................................................................................. 81 Kofax Kapow.................................................................................. 82 Automation Anywhere ................................................................. 82 Nice.................................................................................................. 82 Bots .................................................................................................. 83 Considerations for Rpa Investments .......................................... 83 Examples of RPA Applications And Implementions................ 85 Automation Anywhere Enterprise BOT Management Platform........................................................................................... 87 Some Use Cases ............................................................................. 89 Conclusion...................................................................................... 89 7. Drones.................................................................................................... 91 Introduction.................................................................................... 91 Structure.......................................................................................... 91 Objective ......................................................................................... 92 A Brief Overview of Drones......................................................... 92 Drones’ Body Comprises the Following Components............. 92 What is a Drone?............................................................................ 93 History of a Drone ......................................................................... 94 How Does a Drone Work?............................................................ 95 How Does it Fly? ........................................................................... 95 Components of Drones ................................................................. 96 Types of Drones ........................................................................... 100 According to a Number of Propellers....................................... 101 Note ............................................................................................... 104 Droned Based on Size ................................................................. 105 According to Equipment ............................................................ 107 AI in Drones ................................................................................. 108

Terminology And Description ................................................... 108 Uses of AI in the Drone Industry ...............................................110 Summary And Conclusion..........................................................112 8. Chatbots and Voice Assistants ........................................................ 123 Introduction.................................................................................. 123 Structure........................................................................................ 124 Objective ....................................................................................... 124 What is a Chatbot?....................................................................... 125 Major Applications Of The Chatbot.......................................... 127 History of the Chatbot ................................................................ 128 How Do Chatbots Work?............................................................ 130 Rule-Based Versus Ai-Based Chatbots .................................... 131 Good Bots...................................................................................... 133 Bad Bots ........................................................................................ 133 Key Steps to Build A Chatbot..................................................... 134 Oracle Intelligent Bots ................................................................ 141 Four Simple Steps to Bot Yourself prerequisites ..................... 142 Create A Bluemix Account create A Conversation Instance.. 142 Chatbots On Facebook................................................................ 144 Chatbots in HR............................................................................. 148 Chatbots – The Disruption Ahead............................................. 149 Conclusion.................................................................................... 157 9. Autonomous Cars .............................................................................. 159 Introduction.................................................................................. 159 Sructure ......................................................................................... 159 Objective ....................................................................................... 159 What are Autonomous Vehicles?............................................... 160 Autonomous Cars Use The Following Essential Technologies ................................................................................. 163 How AI Helps in Building Self-Driven Cars? ......................... 167 Challenges .................................................................................... 168 Limitations.................................................................................... 168

 xiii Other Limitations Of Autonomous Cars.................................. 168 The Future Of The Autonomous Cars ...................................... 169 Summary And Conclusion......................................................... 169 10. Artificial Intelligence and Automation Gone Wrong................. 171 Introduction.................................................................................. 171 Structure........................................................................................ 172 Objective ....................................................................................... 172 Summary And Conclusions ....................................................... 176 11. Blockchain–The New Generation tool for Cybersecurity ......... 177 Introduction.................................................................................. 177 Structure........................................................................................ 178 Objective ....................................................................................... 178 What is a Blockchain? ................................................................. 178 Enterprise Blockchains (Private And Consortium Permissioned)............................................................................... 181 Summarising Blockchain’s Features ......................................... 182 Blockchain’s Security Tools ........................................................ 182 Vulnerabilities in Blockchain Security ...................................... 183 Challenges to Growth of Blockchain Ecosystems................... 188 Conclusion.................................................................................... 191 12. Blockchain as a Protector of the Agents of Automation ............ 193 Introduction.................................................................................. 193 Structure........................................................................................ 193 Objective ....................................................................................... 194 Zigbee Chain Reaction Attack ................................................... 196 Controlling Drones Through Blockchain For Security And Auditing ............................................................................... 199 Securing Robots Through Blockchain ...................................... 199 Conclusion.................................................................................... 204 13. Summary and Conclusion................................................................ 205 Conclusion.................................................................................... 206

xiv  Annexure - 1: Chapter Wise Questions................................................. 207 Annexure -2 : Glossary: Agents of Automation .................................. 217

Chapter 1 Introduction to Automated Personal Assistants: Past, Present and Future Automatic teller machines, automatic vending machines, automatic ticket vending machines, automated check-in counters, automated baggage check-ins at airports, and automated immigration counters at international airports are some of the machines we see in our day-to-day life. The various places where we use automated machines is shown in the following image: Fig. 1.1: Automatic machines for tickets, cash and products and at airports for check-in, baggage, and immigration

2  AI and ML Powering the Agents of Automation Completely automated retail counters (e.g. Amazon GO), hotels and restaurants, personal assistants such as Apple Siri, Google Home, Amazon Echo are the manifestations of automation enabled by advanced technologies like Artifi cial Intelligence and Machine learning that we are experiencing more and more. The complete transformation that a retail store undergoes with automation is depicted in the following image: Fig. 1.2: Amazon Go: Advanced technologies to fully automate the retail experience (Figure courtesy: htt ps://www.amazon.com/ ) From ATMs of the yesteryears to the advanced voice activated personal assistants that understand our needs and moods to respond are replacing many jobs that were hitherto being done by human beings. This is a growing and irreversible trend of these manifestations of automation. It is possible that in the future that when you pass by an ATM in a bank, it identifi es you by name, recognizes your need for a loan and off ers you att ractive terms on the spot while enticing you to its location using a voice activated and geolocation targeted message. This then would be the foreseeable future of the banking as we know. The same can be true for any area as the power of AI is considerably enhanced with the confl uence of Big data, Cloud and Machine learning technologies.

Introduction to Automated Personal Assistants: Past, Present and Future  3 Welcome to the world of humanoids and autonomous machines. Figure.1.3: It is going to be difficult in future to identify whether you are dealing with a man or a machine! We will take a close look at these agents of automation in the coming chapter as we analyze the anatomy of these machines and track their journey into the future.

Chapter 2 Disruptive Models Led By Digitization Introduction: Home automation, factory automation, AI and ML led analytics are making deep rooted and disruptive impact on various aspects of our lives. We now know that drones can fl y, robots can jump, and bots can listen, talk, think, crawl, att ack and beat the world’s best in thinking games. Guess what would happen if all this combines into one unit or a body! This is the power of Artifi cial Intelligence powered with the boosting characteristics of Machine learning and Deep learning! 2019 in many ways is seeing the convergence of a number of advancements in the adoption of cutt ing-edge technologies. It is now clear in no uncertain terms that the future is gett ing increasingly ‘Autonomous’. Artifi cial Intelligence and Machine learning are combining together for a rapid adoption of automation across the spheres of our personal and corporate lives. The organizations that are winning the race for market supremacy in every fi eld are the biggest exponents of these powerful technologies. With the increasing trends of digitization, decentralization, and automation, adoption of cloud and open source technologies is resulting in a manifold increase in data generation, analysis and consumption. The Big Data technologies are increasingly adopted and this has resulted in the rapid adoption of Artifi cial intelligence-led analytics, bolstered by the productive utilization of Machine learning algorithms eff ectively.