Linux Basics for Hackers - Getting Started with Networking, Scripting, and Security in Kali - Linux Basics for Hackers Getting… (OccupyTheWeb) (z-library.sk, 1lib.sk, z-lib.sk)

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OceanofPDF.com

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PRAISE FOR LINUX BASICS FOR HACKERS “If you’re just getting started or working your way to expert level, getting a copy of this book might be one of the best things you can do to develop your cybersecurity skills.” —SANDRA HENRY-STOCKER, NETWORK WORLD “The information provided can help even a general user to get more comfortable with the Linux operating system without feeling overwhelmed by more complex, security-related topics and usage. While we could all benefit from more attention to security, Linux Basics for Hackers just might inspire the next crop of budding techies into the security rock stars of tomorrow.” —TIM EVERSON, THE ETHICAL HACKER NETWORK “Linux Basics for Hackers is immediately practical. Its quick-and- dirty approach to exploring and using a Linux system was welcome.” —JESSE SMITH, DISTROWATCH WEEKLY “A crisp, well-written, and highly effective introduction to Linux for budding pentesters and SOC analysts . . . an ideal first book on Linux

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for any aspiring red or blue team member, and reading it is well worth your time.” —CYBRARY “If you are starting out in computer science and want to get up to speed quickly on Linux- and Unix-like operating systems, working through this book will put you well ahead of your fellow students, and quickly.” —GREG LADEN, GREG LADEN’S BLOG OceanofPDF.com

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LINUX BASICS FOR HACKERS 2nd Edition Getting Started with Networking, Scripting, and Security in Kali by OccupyTheWeb San Francisco OceanofPDF.com

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LINUX BASICS FOR HACKERS, 2ND EDITION. Copyright © 2025 by OccupyTheWeb. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. First printing 29 28 27 26 25 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13: 978-1-7185-0354-0 (print) ISBN-13: 978-1-7185-0355-7 (ebook) Published by No Starch Press , Inc. 245 8th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103 phone: +1.415.863.9900 www.nostarch.com; info@nostarch.com Publisher: William Pollock Managing Editor: Jill Franklin ®

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Production Manager: Sabrina Plomitallo-González Production Editor: Jennifer Kepler Developmental Editors: Liz Chadwick and Jill Franklin Cover Illustrator: Josh Ellingson Interior Design: Octopod Studios Technical Reviewer: Artur Zielinski Copyeditor: Jennifer Kepler Proofreader: Allison Felus Indexer: BIM Creatives, LLC The Library of Congress has catalogued the first edition as follows: Names: OccupyTheWeb, author. Title: Linux basics for hackers : getting started with networking, scripting, and security in Kali / OccupyTheWeb. Description: First edition. | San Francisco : No Starch Press, Inc., [2018]. Identifiers: LCCN 2018030544 (print) | LCCN 2018032646 (ebook) | ISBN

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9781593278564 (epub) | ISBN 159327856X (epub) | ISBN 9781593278557 (print) | ISBN 1593278551 (print) | ISBN 9781593278564 (ebook) | ISBN 159327856X (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Penetration testing (Computer security) | Kali Linux. | Hackers. | Operating systems (Computers) Classification: LCC QA76.9.A25 (ebook) | LCC QA76.9.A25 O325 2018 (print) | DDC 005.8--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018030544 For customer service inquiries, please contact info@nostarch.com. For information on distribution, bulk sales, corporate sales, or translations: sales@nostarch.com. For permission to translate this work: rights@nostarch.com. To report counterfeit copies or piracy: counterfeit@nostarch.com. The authorized representative in the EU for product safety and compliance is EU Compliance Partner, Pärnu mnt. 139b- 14, 11317 Tallinn, Estonia, hello@eucompliancepartner.com, +3375690241.

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No Starch Press and the No Starch Press iron logo are registered trademarks of No Starch Press, Inc. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we are using the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author nor No Starch Press, Inc. shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. OceanofPDF.com

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To my three incredible daughters. You mean the world to me. And to the brave men and women warriors and cyberwarriors of Ukraine who have bravely resisted one of the world’s largest armies for over three years. Your skill and courage are inspiring to all of us. OceanofPDF.com

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About the Author OccupyTheWeb (OTW) is the pseudonym for the founder and primary writer for the hacker and pentester training website https://www.hackers- arise.com. He is a former college professor and has over 20 years of experience in the information technology industry. He has trained hackers throughout the US, including branches of the US military (Army, Air Force, and Navy) and the US intelligence community (CIA, NSA, and DNI), and he played a key role in the hacker community’s resistance to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. He is also an avid mountain biker and snowboarder. OceanofPDF.com

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About the Technical Reviewer Artur Zielinski is a penetration tester who mostly focuses on offensive security (penetration testing, ethical hacking, red teaming, OSINT, ICS/SCADA hacking, and biohacking). Zielinski also leads cybersecurity- related activities for children in schools (a day in the life of an ethical hacker, cybersecurity tournaments, and escape rooms), and he’s the father of three fantastic children. OceanofPDF.com

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BRIEF CONTENTS 1. Preface 2. Acknowledgments 3. Introduction 4. Chapter 1: Getting Started with the Basics 5. Chapter 2: Text Manipulation 6. Chapter 3: Analyzing and Managing Networks 7. Chapter 4: Adding and Removing Software 8. Chapter 5: Controlling File and Directory Permissions 9. Chapter 6: Process Management 10. Chapter 7: Managing User Environment Variables 11. Chapter 8: Bash Scripting 12. Chapter 9: Compressing and Archiving 13. Chapter 10: Filesystem and Storage Device Management 14. Chapter 11: The Logging System 15. Chapter 12: Using and Abusing Services 16. Chapter 13: Becoming Secure and Anonymous 17. Chapter 14: Understanding and Inspecting Wireless Networks 18. Chapter 15: Managing the Linux Kernel and Loadable Kernel Modules 19. Chapter 16: Automating Tasks with Job Scheduling 20. Chapter 17: Python Scripting Basics for Hackers 21. Chapter 18: Artificial Intelligence for Hackers 22. Index

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CONTENTS IN DETAIL 1. PREFACE 2. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3. INTRODUCTION 1. What’s in This Book 2. What Is Ethical Hacking? 1. Penetration Testing 2. Military and Espionage 3. Why Hackers Use Linux 1. Linux Is Open Source 2. Linux Is Transparent 3. Linux Offers Granular Control 4. Most Hacking Tools Are Written for Linux 5. The Future Belongs to Linux/Unix 4. Downloading Kali Linux 5. Virtual Machines 1. Installing VirtualBox 6. Setting Up Your Virtual Machine 1. Installing Kali on the VM 7. Setting Up Kali 8. Installing Kali Through the Windows Subsystem for Linux 4. 1 GETTING STARTED WITH THE BASICS

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1. Introductory Terms and Concepts 2. A Tour of Kali 1. The Terminal 2. The Linux Filesystem 3. Basic Commands in Linux 1. Finding Yourself with pwd 2. Checking Your Login with whoami 3. Navigating the Linux Filesystem 4. Getting Help 5. Referencing Manual Pages with man 4. Finding Stuff 1. Searching with locate 2. Finding Binaries with whereis 3. Finding Binaries in the PATH Variable with which 4. Performing More Powerful Searches with find 5. Filtering with grep 5. Modifying Files and Directories 1. Creating Files 2. Creating a Directory 3. Copying a File 4. Renaming a File 5. Removing a File 6. Removing a Directory 6. Go Play Now!

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7. Exercises 5. 2 TEXT MANIPULATION 1. Viewing Files 1. Finding the Head 2. Finding the Tail 3. Numbering the Lines 2. Filtering Text with grep 3. Using sed to Find and Replace 4. Viewing Files with more and less 1. Controlling the Display with more 2. Displaying and Filtering with less 5. Summary 6. Exercises 6. 3 ANALYZING AND MANAGING NETWORKS 1. Analyzing Networks with ifconfig 2. Network Statistics with netstat and ss 3. Checking Wireless Network Devices with iwconfig 4. Changing Your Network Information 1. Assigning a New IP Address 2. Changing Your Network Mask and Broadcast Address 3. Spoofing Your MAC Address 4. Assigning New IP Addresses from the DHCP Server

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5. Manipulating the Domain Name System 1. Examining DNS with dig 2. Changing Your DNS Server 3. Mapping Your Own IP Addresses 6. Summary 7. Exercises 7. 4 ADDING AND REMOVING SOFTWARE 1. Using apt to Handle Software 1. Searching for a Package 2. Adding Software 3. Removing Software 4. Updating Packages 5. Upgrading Packages 2. Adding Repositories to Your sources.list File 3. Using a GUI-Based Installer 4. Installing Software with git 5. Summary 6. Exercises 8. 5 CONTROLLING FILE AND DIRECTORY PERMISSIONS 1. Different Types of Users 2. Granting Permissions 1. Granting Ownership to an Individual User

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2. Granting Ownership to a Group 3. Checking Permissions 4. Changing Permissions 1. Changing Permissions with Decimal Notation 2. Changing Permissions with UGO 3. Giving Root Execute Permission on a New Tool 5. Setting More Secure Default Permissions with Masks 6. Special Permissions 1. Granting Temporary Root Permissions with SUID 2. Granting the Root User’s Group Permissions SGID 3. The Outmoded Sticky Bit 4. Special Permissions, Privilege Escalation, and the Hacker 7. Summary 8. Exercises 9. 6 PROCESS MANAGEMENT 1. Viewing Processes 1. Filtering by Process Name 2. Finding the Greediest Processes with top 2. Managing Processes 1. Changing Process Priority with nice 2. Killing Processes 3. Running Processes in the Background 4. Moving a Process to the Foreground